Pinworms (Enterobius vermicularis) are small, whitish-grey parasites that often infect children. They live in the large intestine of infected individuals and migrate outside the body during the night, coming out around the anal area, causing itching during the night. They are highly contagious but do not cause serious complications if treated promptly.
How are Pinworms Transmitted?
Pinworm eggs enter the mouth through contaminated hands, objects, or food. Children often scratch the anal area (due to itching), transferring the eggs to their hands, which can then infect others or reinfect themselves.
Symptoms of pinworm infection:
- Anal itching: Most intense at night.
- Sleep disturbances: Due to the itching.
- Irritability and restlessness.
- Abdominal pain: Less common.
- Visible worms: Thin, white worms about 1 cm long, around the anus or in the stools.
Diagnose:
- Tape test: Place a piece of clear adhesive tape on the anal area early in the morning.
- Visual observation: Pinworms may be seen around the anus at night using a flashlight.
Treatment:
1. Medication:
A pediatrician will prescribe specific antiparasitic medications, such as mebendazole or albendazole. The treatment is repeated after 2 weeks to eliminate any new eggs. The entire household should be treated, even if they do not show symptoms.
2. Hygiene:
- Nail care: Eggs can get trapped under the nails.
- Handwashing: Regularly, especially before eating and after using the toilet.
- Daily underwear change: Wash clothes at a high temperature.
- House cleaning: Thorough disinfection of surfaces and washing of bedding.
3. Avoiding Reinfection:
- Teach the child not to put their hands in their mouth or scratch their bottom.
- Avoid sharing towels and bedding.
Prevention:
- Good personal hygiene.
Note: Once treatment begins, the child does not need to be kept home from school.